Containers

docker run nginx                                  # foreground, blocks terminal
docker run -d nginx                               # detached (background)
docker run -it ubuntu bash                        # interactive + pseudo-TTY
docker run --rm alpine echo "hello"               # auto-remove on exit
docker run --name web nginx                       # named container
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx                    # host:container port mapping
docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:8080:80 nginx          # bind to localhost only
docker run -d -P nginx                            # map ALL exposed ports to random host ports

docker container ls               # running containers (alias: docker ps)
docker container ls -a            # all containers including stopped
docker container ls -q            # IDs only
docker container ls --filter status=exited
docker container ls --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}"

docker inspect mycontainer                    # full JSON
docker inspect -f '{{.State.Status}}' mycontainer
docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' mycontainer
docker logs mycontainer                       # stdout/stderr
docker logs -f mycontainer                    # follow (tail -f)
docker logs --tail 100 mycontainer            # last 100 lines
docker logs --since 10m mycontainer           # last 10 minutes
docker top mycontainer                        # running processes
docker stats                                  # live resource usage (all containers)
docker stats mycontainer                      # single container
docker port mycontainer                       # published port mappings

docker exec -it mycontainer bash             # interactive shell
docker exec mycontainer ls /app              # one-off command
docker exec -u root mycontainer whoami       # run as specific user
docker exec -e DEBUG=1 mycontainer ./run.sh  # inject env var

docker stop mycontainer          # SIGTERM, then SIGKILL after grace period
docker stop -t 30 mycontainer    # 30 s grace period
docker kill mycontainer          # immediate SIGKILL
docker start mycontainer         # restart a stopped container
docker restart mycontainer       # stop + start
docker pause mycontainer         # freeze (SIGSTOP all processes)
docker unpause mycontainer

docker rm mycontainer                        # remove stopped container
docker rm -f mycontainer                     # force-remove running container
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)                   # remove all stopped containers
docker container prune                       # remove all stopped containers
docker container prune --filter "until=24h"  # older than 24 hours

docker cp mycontainer:/app/log.txt ./log.txt    # container → host
docker cp ./config.json mycontainer:/etc/app/   # host → container